Foaling

The birth of a foal is usually a relatively straightforward event. It most commonly occurs in the early hours of the morning and while the initial, restless preparatory stage can take several and up to twelve hours, the birth itself if usually over within 20-30 minutes.

During Stage One of labour, the uterus begins to contract, the cervix dilates and the foal moves to position itself with its front legs and head in the pelvic canal. During this stage the mare may show signs of restlessness, sweating, urination and mild discomfort or colic. Signs of severe pain during Stage One are abnormal and may indicate a serious complication - veterinary assistance is required.

Stage Two of labour consists of the powerful, active contractions the mare makes to deliver the foal. These contractions occur in groups of three or four, followed by periods of two to three minutes rest during which the mare may rise then lie down again. The white/translucent amniotic sac should appear at the vulva within five minutes of the water breaking, and one or two hooves with the soles facing downward should be visible within it. As the contractions continue, the front legs are presented, usually one slightly in front of the other, then the head with the chin resting on or between the knees. The mare will often stop straining and rest once the foal¹s hips are clear of the vulva.

Stage Two usually takes 20-30 minutes from breaking of the mare's water to delivery of the foal. Signs of severe pain, haemorrhage, abnormal presentation or delayed delivery are all indicators of possible complications. At the first sign of complications or unusual distress from the mare - contact the veterinarian immediately.

The final stage of the foaling process involves expulsion of the placenta, this usually occurs without significant straining by the mare and within 30 minutes to three hours of the birth. Failure to expel all or part of the placenta can result in infection and serious or life-threatening complications.

If you would like more information on foaling or assistance please contact the clinic to speak to one of our Equine vets.